Vehicle restraining device

ABSTRACT

A device for restraining a truck from movement during the loading and unloading thereof while the truck is parked in a driveway in a loading dock. The truck restraining device has a lock assembly comprising a base and a locking arm pivotally mounted to the base for rotating between retracted and extended positions. In the retracted position, the locking arm is substantially horizontal for permitting the truck to drive over the restraining means whereas, in the extended position, the locking arm extends upwardly for engaging the truck wheels for restraining movement of the truck. The locking arm has a front end adapted to pivotally mount to the base and a rear end adapted to engage the wheel in the extended position. Means is provided for rotating the locking arm between the retracted and the extended positions. Means is provided for positioning the lock assembly between a distal and proximal positions and an intermediate position disposed between the distal and proximal positions in which the lock assembly engages the wheel.  
     Means is provided for controlling the position of the lock assembly between the distal and proximal positions in a programmed manner. The controlling means can: (1) automatically position the lock assembly at the distal position after the locking arm is rotated from the extended position to the retracted position; (2) automatically position the lock assembly at the distal position when the lock assembly reaches the proximal position; (3) automatically deactivate the positioning means when the lock assembly is immobile; (4) automatically deactivate a synchronous motor after the current or the torque of the motor reaches a predetermined value, and (5) automatically position locking arm tight to wheel for various wheel sizes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for restraining a vehicle from movement from the parked position during the loading and unloading operation at a loading dock.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] In the loading and unloading of vehicles parked adjacent a loading dock, heavy equipment such as forklifts and the like are used to facilitate and expedite the loading and unloading operation. It is imperative that the vehicle remain in a fixed abutting position relative to the loading dock to prevent serious accidents to both personnel and equipment. Without proper securement, there is a real potential hazard that the equipment will cause the vehicle to inadvertently move away from the loading dock during the loading or unloading operation so that equipment may be damaged or personnel may be injured.

[0003] Previous attempts to employ roadway mounted restraints to prevent the vehicle from prematurely moving away from the loading dock have been largely unsuccessful or have had several shortcomings. Attempts to place wheel blocks underneath and wedged in front of the vehicle's wheels have been unsuccessful because (1) the blocks are easily lost or damaged, (2) the blocks may not operate effectively due to a slippery road surface from oil, rain, ice or snow, (3) the blocks are awkward to handle and sometimes difficult to remove from the wedged position; (4) the blocks require the dock personnel manipulating the device to be located on the roadway adjacent the dock; thus, care must be exercised by the personnel to avoid being injured by the vehicle. Other attempts to utilize various locking mechanisms to obtain proper securement to the loading dock have had one or more of the following problems: (1) they are incapable of being utilized with a wide variety of truck vehicle designs; (2) they rely on the presence and structural integrity of the vehicle ICC bumper, which may be missing, damaged, or of insufficient strength to restrict vehicle motion; (3) they frequently require substantial structural modifications to the dock facility and are costly to install; (4) oftentimes they are awkward, difficult and time consuming to engage and disengage from the vehicle parked at the dock; and (5) the location of the mechanism at the loading dock interferes with the normal operation of the loading equipment during the loading and unloading operations.

OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Thus, it is an object of the invention to provide a truck restraining device which is not beset with the shortcomings associated with prior devices.

[0005] It is an object of the invention to provide a device which is capable of accommodating vehicles of widely varying configurations and sizes.

[0006] It is another object of the invention to provide a device which can restrain a vehicle without an ICC bumper.

[0007] A further object of the invention is to provide a device which is compact and has a low profile for accommodating vehicles having low undercarriages.

[0008] Another object of the invention is to provide a device which may be readily installed in existing loading docks without extensive structural modifications.

[0009] A similar object of the invention is to provide a device which may be readily utilized in conjunction with other loading dock equipment such as dock levelers and the like without interfering with the operation of the loading dock.

[0010] A further object of the invention is to provide a device which is not hazardous to either personnel or the vehicle.

[0011] Still another object of the invention is to provide a device which may be remotely operated and controlled and which may be effectively secured against unauthorized use.

[0012] It is also an object of the invention to provide a device which is simple, sturdy and easy to maintain.

[0013] In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a device is provided for restraining a truck from movement during the loading and unloading thereof while the truck is parked in a driveway adjacent a loading dock. The truck restraining device has a lock assembly comprising a base and a locking arm pivotally mounted to the base for rotating between a retracted inoperative and an extended operative position. In the retracted position, the locking arm is substantially horizontal for permitting the truck to drive over the restraining means whereas, in the extended position, the locking arm extends upwardly for engaging the truck wheels for restraining movement of the truck. The locking arm has a front end adapted to pivotally mount to the base and a rear end adapted to engage the wheel in the extended position.

[0014] Means is provided for rotating the locking arm between the retracted and the extended positions. In one embodiment, the rotating means comprises a crank operatively connected to the locking arm by a crank drive shaft and link means. The drive shaft has a first end rigidly connected to the crank and a second end rigidly attached to link means which, in turn, is pivotally attached to the locking arm so that the locking arm rotates in response to the rotation of the crank.

[0015] Means is provided for positioning the lock assembly between a distal or forward position and a proximal or rearward position and for assuming an intermediate position disposed between the distal and proximal positions in which the lock assembly engages the wheel. The positioning means comprises a lead screw extending between the distal and proximal positions and disposed substantially perpendicular to the upright wall of the loading dock and means for rotatably driving the lead screw. The locking means is operatively connected to the lead screw for linear movement along the lead screw between the distal and proximal positions in response to the rotation of the lead screw. The preferred driving means is a motor.

[0016] Means is provided for controlling the position of the lock assembly between the distal and proximal positions in a programmed manner. The controlling means can: (1) automatically position the lock assembly at the distal position after the locking arm is rotated from the extended position to the retracted position; (2) automatically position the lock assembly at the distal position after the lock assembly has reached the proximal position; (3) automatically deactivate the positioning means when the lock assembly is immobile; (4) automatically deactivate the synchronous motor after the current or the torque of the motor reaches a predetermined value.

[0017] These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more readily apparent upon reading the following description of a preferred exemplified embodiment of the invention and upon reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the vehicle restraining device in accordance with the invention disposed adjacent a conventional loading dock;

[0019]FIG. 2 is a side view of the lock assembly with the locking arm in the retracted position;

[0020]FIG. 3 is a side view of the lock assembly in the intermediate position with the locking arm in the extended position, the rear edge of the base engaging the truck wheel, and the base wheels in the active extended position;

[0021]FIG. 4 is a side view of the lock assembly in the restraining position with the rear edge and the locking arm engaging the wheel;

[0022]FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the lock assembly;

[0023]FIG. 6 is a top view of the cover means and the carriage assembly;

[0024]FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 in FIG. 6 illustrating the drive link connected to the positioning means;

[0025]FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 in FIG. 6 illustrating the drive link connected to the crank of the rotating means;

[0026]FIG. 9 is an end view of one embodiment of the positioning means illustrating the carriage assembly and the channel disposed above grade;

[0027]FIG. 10 is an end view of another embodiment of the positioning means illustrating the channel disposed below grade; and

[0028]FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of the vehicle restraining device illustrating the lock assembly stored below grade.

[0029] While the invention will be described and disclosed in connection with certain preferred embodiments and procedures, it is not intended to limit the invention to those specific embodiments. Rather it is intended to cover all such alternative embodiments and modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0030] Referring to the drawings and more particularly to FIG. 1, one embodiment of the vehicle restraining device 10 in accordance with the invention is shown installed on a conventional loading dock roadway R normally provided at warehouses, truck terminals, manufacturing plants and the like where raw materials and products are received and/or dispatched by truck vehicles.

[0031] The conventional loading dock D is normally provided with a horizontal surface or deck S over which loading equipment such as forklift trucks and the like and dock personnel maneuver during the loading and unloading operation. The dock D is typically provided with a leveler assembly L which is adapted to compensate for height differentials between the deck S and the upper supporting surface of the truck bed (not shown). The mechanism (not shown) for effecting adjustment of the leveler assembly L is customarily disposed within a pit formed in the deck S of the dock D and is well known in the art. In addition, the dock D normally includes a vertical wall V or surface against which the rear end of the truck abuts during the loading and unloading operations. The surface V is provided with suitable bumpers B or fenders which are engaged by the rear of the vehicle thereby preventing damage or defacement of either the dock D or the vehicle when the vehicle is backing into position. The vehicle restraining device 10 is intended to effectively and readily secure the truck in proper position relative to the dock D and prevent the truck from inadvertently moving away from the dock D during the loading and unloading operation.

[0032] The vehicle restraining device 10 comprises restraining means 12 for engaging at least one of the truck wheels W (FIG. 2) and for securing the truck from movement, positioning means 14 for positioning the restraining means 12 between distal and proximal positions relative to the dock wall V and an intermediate position between the distal and proximal positions for engaging the wheels W after the truck is parked adjacent the loading dock D, and controlling means for determining the position of the restraining means 12 between the distal and proximal positions and positioning the restraining means 12 in a programmed manner.

[0033] In the illustrated embodiment, the vehicle restraining device 10 is generally disposed in the center of the driveway R adjacent the loading dock D so that the truck may drive over the restraining device 10 during the parking operation. The restraining device 10 has a generally T-shape formed by the positioning means 14, and the restraining means 12 projecting laterally from the positioning means 14 for selectively engaging each set of rear wheels W on each side of the truck.

[0034] The positioning means 14 comprises a carriage assembly 16 adapted for slidably receiving the restraining means 12 for movement between the proximal and distal ends 18, 20 of the carriage assembly 16 and means for moving the restraining means 12 along the carriage assembly 16. The carriage assembly 16 is fixedly disposed on the driveway so that its longitudinal axis is generally perpendicular to the dock wall V and it will be generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the truck when the rear of the truck is adjacent the loading dock D. In a preferred embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 7-9, the carriage assembly 16 has a base 22 which is adapted to slidably receive the restraining means 12 and a channel 24 disposed along the length of the base 22 for housing a lead screw 26 for driving the restraining means 12 as described below. The carriage assembly 16 may be fixedly attached to the driveway in any conventional manner. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, a plurality of bolts 28 fixedly attach the base 22 to the surface of the driveway so that the channel 24 is above grade. In another embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10, the positioning means comprises a channel 124 formed below the driveway grade and adapted to receive the lead screw 26 therein.

[0035] In the preferred embodiment, the means for moving the restraining means 12 between the distal and proximal ends 18, 20 of the carriage assembly 16 comprises a synchronous motor 30 operatively attached by a flexible drive cable 32 to the lead screw 26. As the motor 30 rotates the cable 32 and the lead screw 26, a lead nut 34 threadedly attached to the lead screw 26 and a cam follower 36 are linearly positioned along the length of the lead screw 26. By attaching the restraining means 12 to the lead nut 34 and cam follower 36 as described below, it will be appreciated that the restraining means 12 may be positioned between the proximal and distal ends 18, 20 of the carriage assembly 16. In the illustrated embodiment, the motor 30 is disposed at the base of the loading dock D but it may be located in any convenient location. Although a synchronous motor 30 and lead screw 26 are preferred, it will be appreciated that the positioning means 14 may comprise other types of actuators such as, for example hydraulic or pneumatic actuators, a chain drive or other types of electromechanical actuating mechanisms which are known in the art.

[0036] Although the restraining means 12 may only have one lock assembly 42 for selectively engaging one of the wheels W on either side of the truck T in the illustrated embodiment, the restraining means 12 comprises a pair of lock assemblies 42 which are fixedly attached to the cover means 40 and spaced on either side of the carriage assembly 16 for selectively engaging the respective wheels W on either side of the truck. Referring to FIGS. 6-8, it will be seen that the cover means 40 has a top plate 40 a and two depending sides 40 b which slidably enclose the base 22 of the carriage assembly 16 (in the preferred embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 7-9). A slot 40 c is disposed in the top plate 40 a. Although not required, it may be desirable to have a plurality of wheels 46 rotatably attached to the sides of the cover means 40 in order to support the cover means 40 above the surface of the driveway 16 and to assist the movement of the cover means 40 along the length of the channel 24. Since the longitudinal axis of the carriage assembly 16 is generally parallel with the axis of the parked truck, the cover means 40 and the attached lock assembly 42 may be positioned along the axis of the truck so that the lock assembly 42 may engage the truck wheels W.

[0037] The lock assembly 42 comprises a base 48 rigidly attached to the cover means 40 by arms 49, a locking arm 50 pivotally attached to the base 48 for rotating between a retracted storage position shown in FIG. 2, an intermediate preparatory position shown in FIG. 3, and an extended restraining position shown in FIG. 4, and rotating means for rotating the locking arm 50 between the retracted and extended positions. In accordance with one of the objects of the invention, the lock assembly 42 has a relatively low, horizontal profile in the retracted position (FIG. 2) which permits trucks having low undercarriages to pass over the restraining means 12 during the parking operation. Similarly, the base 48 has a front edge 48 a and a rear edge 48 b which are generally wedge-shaped to permit the truck to readily drive thereover when the lock assembly 42 is in the retracted position (FIG. 2). The lock assembly may also act as a speed bump to slow the truck parking in the loading dock area. In the extended position (FIG. 4), the locking arm 50 projects upwardly in order to create a barrier preventing the truck from inadvertently driving forward during the loading and unloading operation. In accordance with another object of the invention, the lock assembly can restrain trucks with or without an ICC bumper. Furthermore, the wedge shape permits the rear edge 48 b of the base 48 to wedge underneath the wheel W when the lock assembly 42 is in the extended position (FIG. 4). Referring to FIG. 3, it will be seen that the rear edge 48 b of the base 48 extends past the rearmost position of the rear end 50 b of the locking arm 50 so that the truck wheel W will not interfere with the rotation of the locking arm 50 between the retracted and the extended positions.

[0038] In the preferred embodiment, the locking arm 50 comprises a plate 52 having a front end 50 a pivotally attached to the front edge 48 a of the base 48 at pin 53. The rear end 50 b of the locking arm 50 is free to rotate from the retracted position to the extended position for directly engaging the wheel W. The rear end 50 b of the locking arm 50 preferably has a relatively flat or slightly curved face 50 c adapted to engage the face of the truck wheel W. In another embodiment (not shown), the rear end 50 b of the locking arm 50 may be pivotally attached to the base 48 so that when the front end 50 a rotates from the horizontal retracted position to the upwardly extended position, the face of the plate 52 directly engages the truck wheel W.

[0039] In order to rotate the locking arm 50 between the retracted position shown in FIG. 2 and the extended position shown in FIG. 4, the rotating means comprises a crank 54 operatively connected to the locking arm 50 by crank drive shafts 55 and link means 56 best shown in FIGS. 1 and 5-6. The crank drive shaft 55 has one end 55 a rigidly attached to the crank 54 and a second end 55 b operatively attached to the rear end 50 b of the locking arm 50 by link means 56. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the link means 56 comprises a first link 56 a rigidly attached to the drive shaft 55 and rotatably attached to a second link 56 b at pin 60. The second link 56 b, in turn, is pivotally attached to the rear end 50 b of the locking arm 50 at pin 61. Referring to FIG. 9, it will be seen that the crank 54 is movable between a retracted position shown in solid lines and an extended position shown in phantom lines. When the crank 54 rotates in the counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 9, the crank drive shaft 55 and the link means 56 rotate the locking arm 50 from the retracted position (FIG. 2) to the extended restraining position (FIG. 4).

[0040] In order to rotate the crank 54 between the retracted and the extended positions, the crank 54 is operatively connected to the positioning means 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the drive link 62 operatively connects the crank 54 and the positioning means 14 and is able to push or pull the lock assembly 42 between the proximate and distal positions 18, 20. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 6-9, it will be seen that the drive link 62 passes through the slot 40 c in the cover means so that first end 62 a of the drive link 62 is generally disposed above the cover means 40 for pivotally connecting to the crank 54 at pin 64 and the second end 62 b is generally disposed inside the channel 24 of the carriage assembly 16 for pivotally attaching to the lead nut 34 and cam follower 36 at pin 35. After the drive link 62 pulls the lock assembly 42 into engagement with the truck wheel W, the drive link 62 continues pulling so that the drive link 62 rotates in the counterclockwise direction and the crank 54 rotates the locking arm 50 from the retracted position (FIG. 2) into the extended position (FIGS. 3, 4). When the drive link 62 pushes the lock assembly 42 away from the truck wheel W, the drive link 62 initially pushes the crank 54 in the clockwise direction, rotating the locking arm 50 from the extended position (FIGS. 3, 4) to the retracted position (FIG. 2). It will also be appreciated that when the drive link 62 operatively connects the restraining means 12 and the positioning means 14, the restraining means 12 may be positioned between the proximal and distal ends 18, 20 of the carriage assembly 16 as discussed above.

[0041] It will be appreciated that different trucks will have different wheel sizes. Thus, the lock assembly 42 may have sizing means for automatically accommodating different size wheels. In one embodiment, the sizing means comprises a plurality of base wheels 66 pivotally mounted to the base 48 for rotating between an active position and a collapsed position. In the active position, the wheels 66 support the base 48 of the lock assembly 48 above the driveway as shown in FIGS. 2-3 when the locking assembly 42 is moving between the distal and proximal positions 18, 20. In the collapsed position, the base 48 of the lock assembly rests upon the driveway as shown in FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a pair of front and rear wheels 66 a, 66 b pivotally mounted to the base 48 and a tension spring 68 connecting the front and rear wheels 66 a, 66 b. The force of the spring 68 is sufficient to force the wheels 66 to rotate to the active position so that the restraining means 12 may be readily positioned underneath the truck. In order to accommodate different wheel sizes, the positioning means 14 forces the rear edge 48 b of the base 48 into engagement with the truck wheels W so that the force exerted on the lock assembly 42 by the positioning means 14 overcomes the spring force, the base wheels 66 rotate towards the collapsed position and the base 48 is lowered toward the driveway until the face 50 c of the locking arm 50 engages the face of the wheel. For large wheels, the face 50 c will typically engage the wheel before the base 48 engaged the driveway. In extreme situations, for smaller wheels, the base 48 will collapse so that it rests on the driveway and rear edge 48 b of the base 48 wedge underneath the wheel W, as shown in FIG. 4. When the positioning means 14 terminates the pulling force and disengages the lock assembly 42 from the truck wheel W, the spring force is sufficient to extend to base wheels 66 so that the base 48 is raised to its highest position above the ground.

[0042] In operation, the truck is parked in the loading dock D in the conventional manner so that the rear edge of the truck abuts the bumpers B. The lock assembly 42 is typically stored at the distal position 20 of the carriage assembly 16 in the retracted position. It will be appreciated that the low profile of the restraining device 10 will not interfere with the parking operation and the truck may readily drive over the wedge-shaped lock assembly 42.

[0043] After the truck is parked, the operator activates the positioning means 14 which moves the lock assembly 42 from the distal end 20 of the carriage assembly 16 to the intermediate position wherein the lock assembly 42 engages the truck wheel W. In the preferred embodiment, the motor 30 rotatably drives the flexible cable 32 and lead screw 26 which linearly positions the lead nut 34 and cam follower 36 within the channel 24. Thus, the lead screw 26 pulls the drive link 62 operatively connecting the lead screw 26 and the locking assembly 42. The base wheels 66 support the locking assembly 42 above the driveway from the distal end 20 of the carriage assembly 16 to the intermediate position wherein the rear end 48 b of the base 48 initially engages the truck wheel W as shown in FIG. 3.

[0044] Although the rearward movement of the lock assembly 42 is substantially terminated at the intermediate position, the lead screw 26 continues pulling the drive link 62 thereby rotating the crank 54 in the counterclockwise direction. The counterclockwise rotation of the crank 54 rotates the crank drive shaft 55 and the link means 56, thereby rotating the locking arm 50 from the retracted position shown in FIG. 2 to the extended position in FIGS. 3-4. It will be appreciated that the rear end 48 b of the base 48 extends past the rearmost position of the locking arm 50 so that the locking arm 50 may rotate upwardly without engaging the truck wheel W. In the intermediate position shown in FIG. 3, the base 48 of the lock assembly 42 is supported above the driveway and the rear edge 48 b engages the truck wheel W so that the face 50 c of the locking arm 50 cannot yet engage the truck wheel W. The sizing means permits the lock assembly 42 to adjust its position to automatically accommodate different size truck wheels W. The positioning means 14 continues pulling the lock assembly 42 into engagement with the truck wheel W until the force is sufficient to overcome the force of the spring 68, thereby collapsing the base wheels 66. As the base wheels 66 collapse, the base 48 descends toward the driveway permitting the lead screw 26 to continue pulling the face 50 c of the lock assembly 42 into secure engagement with the truck wheel W. The face 50 c of the locking arm 50 will securely engage the wheel W thereby preventing the truck from movement during the loading/unloading operation. After the lock assembly 42 has securely engaged the wheel W, the positioning means 14 is automatically deactivated.

[0045] After the loading or unloading operation is completed, the dock operator activates the motor 30 which rotates the flexible cable 32, the lead screw 26 and forces the lead nut 34 towards the distal end 20 of the carriage assembly 16. Initially, the lock assembly 42 securely engages the truck wheel W so that the locking arm 50 cannot rotate from the extended position to the retracted position. Therefore, the motor continues driving the lock assembly 42 towards the distal end 20 until the locking arm 50 disengages the wheel W. After the locking arm 50 has disengaged the wheel W, the drive link 62 rotates the crank 54 in the clockwise direction from the extended position, thereby closing the lock assembly 42. Similarly, the spring 68 rotates the base wheels 66 into the active position which raises the base 48 above the driveway so that the lock assembly 42 may readily be positioned to the distal end 20 of the carriage assembly 16 for the next vehicle. In the retracted position, the truck may drive over the restraining means 12 and depart from the loading dock.

[0046] Controlling means is provided for determining the position of the restraining means 12 between the distal and proximal ends 18, 20 of the carriage assembly 16 and the position of the lock assembly 42 between the retracted and extended positions and then for positioning the restraining means 42 in a programmed manner. In a preferred embodiment, the controlling means determines whether the position of the restraining means 12 is at the proximal or distal ends 18, 20 of the carriage assembly 16 and whether the restraining means 12 is stationary and whether the locking arm 50 is retracted or extended. In a normal inactive mode, it is preferable that the restraining means 12 be positioned at the distal end 20 of the carriage assembly 16 when the restraining device 10 is not actively being utilized, so that the restraining means 12 may be positioned from the distal end 20 towards the proximal end 18 to engage the truck wheels W somewhere therebetween. For similar reasons, it is undesirable that the restraining means 12 be stored at the proximal end 18 of the carriage assembly 16 in the storage position because, once the truck is parked in the loading dock D, the lock assembly 42 can not be positioned to the front of the truck wheels W without removing the truck from the loading dock D. Thus, the carriage assembly 16 has distal end indicator means (not shown) for indicating when the restraining means 12 is at the distal end 20 and proximal end indicator means (not shown) for indicating when the restraining means 12 is at the proximal end 18 of the carriage assembly 16. The indicator means may be connected to the controlling means in any conventional manner including, for example, a continuous switch or wire means located in the carriage assembly 16. The controlling means will deactivate the motor 30 when the distal end indicator means indicates that the restraining means 12 is positioned at the distal end 20 in the normal storage mode. If the restraining means 12 reaches the proximal end 18, for example, when a truck is not parked in the loading dock D, the controlling means will automatically return the restraining means 12 to the storage position at the distal end 20 of the carriage assembly 16 for the next incoming vehicle. In the event that the restraining means 12 is positioned at the proximal end 18 after a truck is parked in the loading position and the dock personnel has attempted to activate the restraining device 10, the controlling means may activate an alarm indicating that the restraining device 12 can not properly restrain the truck from movement.

[0047] The restraining means 12 will typically be stationary when it engages a truck wheel W or other immovable obstacle or when an object is resting on the restraining means 12. In the preferred embodiment, the controlling means monitors the synchronous motor 30 which will indicate that the restraining means 12 is stationary when the motor torque or current increases to a predetermined value. If the dock personnel activates the restraining device 10 but the restraining means 12 can not move because, for example, the truck wheel is sitting on the restraining means 12, the controlling means will automatically deactivate the motor 30 and sound an alarm.

[0048] In order to measure the position of lock assembly 42 between the retracted and extended positions, a position sensor means (not shown) may be mounted to the restraining means 12. In a preferred embodiment, the position sensor means may be mounted to the crank 54, the drive link 62, or the locking arm 50 to indicate when the respective member is positioned between the retracted or the extended positions. In the event that the locking arm 50 does not rotate to the retracted position in a predetermined time interval, say about two seconds, after the dock personnel deactivates restraining device 10 at the completion of the loading or unloading operation so that the truck can leave the loading dock D, the controlling means may sound an alarm indicating that the truck may not attempt to drive over the restraining means 12. Similarly, the controlling means may sound an alarm if the locking arm 50 is in the extended position at the distal end 20 of the carriage assembly 16 indicating that the truck should not enter the loading dock D.

[0049] FIGS. 10-11 illustrate another embodiment of the restraining device in which the lock assembly 142 is stored below driveway grade instead of above grade as shown in FIGS. 1-9. The positioning means comprises a channel 124 disposed below grade and adapted to receive the lead screw therein. A storage chamber 100 for storing the lock assembly 142 below grade is disposed at the distal end 20 of the driveway. The storage chamber 100 has a ramp 102 permitting the lock assembly 142 to travel between the driveway and the storage chamber 100, a steel cover 104 and trap door 106 for covering the storage chamber 100. The lock assembly 142 operates as described above although it will be appreciated that the drive link 162 will have to be long enough to connect the crank 154 and the lead screw 126 after the lock assembly 142 is above grade as illustrated in FIG. 10. FIG. 11 also illustrates the motor 130 remotely located from the channel 124 and lead screw 126.

[0050] In order to engage the truck wheels, the positioning means including the drive link 162 and the crank 154 pulls the lock assembly 142 resting in the storage compartment rearwardly so that the lock assembly 142 travels up the ramp 102 and pivots the trap door 106 open about pivot pin 108. After the lock assembly 142 is disposed on the driveway surface, it operates as previously described. In order to store the lock assembly 142, the positioning means transports the lock assembly towards the distal position 20 and the storage chamber 100. The trap door 106 can be opened either by dock personnel or by other conventional means known in the art. 

We claim as our invention:
 1. A device for restraining a vehicle from movement during the loading and unloading thereof, the vehicle having wheel means supported on a driveway adjacent a loading dock having a generally vertical wall, the device comprising: a lock assembly comprising a base movably supported relative to said driveway and a locking arm mounted to the base for positioning between a retracted position permitting the vehicle to drive to the loading dock and an operative position in which the locking arm extends upwardly for engaging the wheel means for restraining movement of the vehicle, and means for positioning the locking arm between the retracted and the operative positions, and means for locating the lock assembly between distal and proximal locations relative to the loading dock, said locating means being adapted to move said lock assembly from said distal position to an intermediate location to engage said wheel means, said lock assembly, when in its operative position and in the intermediate location, maintaining said vehicle adjacent said loading dock.
 2. The device of claim 1 wherein the positioning means is operatively associated with the locating means so that the positioning means is actuated in response to the locating means.
 3. The device of claim 1 wherein the locking arm is operatively associated with the locating means for positioning the locking arm between the retracted and operative positions.
 4. The device as set forth in claim 3 wherein the locking arm is pivotally mounted to said base and a crank operatively connects the locking arm and the locating means for rotating the locking arm between the retracted and operative positions.
 5. The device as set forth in claim 4 comprising a drive shaft having a first end rigidly connected to the crank and a second end rigidly attached to the link means, and the link means pivotally attached to the locking arm so that the locking arm rotates in response to the rotation of the crank by the locating means.
 6. The device of claim 1 wherein said locking arm is generally planar and pivoted about an axis generally parallel to said wall when said arm is in said retracted and said operative positions.
 7. The device of claim 1 wherein an actuator portion of said lock assembly operatively engages the wheel means during movement of said lock assembly toward said intermediate position, said actuator portion being operatively associated with said locking arm to effect movement of said locking arm toward said operative position.
 8. The device as set forth in claim 1 wherein the locating means comprises a lead screw mounted between the distal and proximal positions and means for rotatably driving the lead screw, the lock assembly is operatively connected to the lead screw for movement along the lead screw in response to the rotation of the lead screw.
 9. The device as set forth in claim 8 wherein the positioning means comprises a channel for housing the lead screw therein.
 10. The device as set forth in claim 8 wherein the lead screw is housed in a channel below grade in the driveway of the loading dock.
 11. The device as set forth in claim 8 wherein the driving means comprises motor operatively connected to the lead screw for rotating the lead screw.
 12. The device as set forth in claim 1 wherein the locking arm has a front portion mounted to the base and a rear portion adapted to move upwardly to engage the wheel means when in the operative position.
 13. The device as set forth in claim 1 wherein the locking arm has a rear portion mounted to the base permitting a front portion to move upwardly so that the locking arm can engage the wheel means.
 14. The device as set forth in claim 1 wherein the lock assembly has means for adjusting the position of the locking arm to accommodate wheel means of different sizes comprising means for moving the base between an active position in which the lock assembly is supported above the driveway and a collapsed position in which the base engages the driveway, said moving means being adapted to move from the active position to a position between the active and collapsed position in which the locking arm engages the truck wheel.
 15. A method for restraining a vehicle from movement during the loading and unloading thereof, the vehicle having wheel means supported on a driveway adjacent a loading dock having a vertical wall portion and using a restraining device, the restraining device having a lock assembly having a base and a locking arm mounted to the base for positioning between a retracted position for permitting the truck to drive to the loading dock and an operative position in which the locking arm extends upwardly for engaging the truck wheels for restraining movement of the truck, and means for positioning the locking arm between the retracted and the operative positions, means for locating the lock assembly between distal and proximal positions relative to the loading dock and an intermediate position disposed between the distal and proximal positions in which the lock assembly engages the wheel, the method comprising: parking the vehicle adjacent the loading dock so that the longitudinal axis of the truck is generally normal to the wall with the lock assembly in the distal position; moving the lock assembly to the intermediate position; positioning the locking arm from the retracted position to the operative position; and locating the locking arm so that it engages the wheel for restraining the vehicle from movement.
 16. The method as set forth in claim 15 wherein the lock assembly has means for adjusting the position of the locking arm to accommodate wheel means of different sizes comprising means for moving the base between an active position in which the lock assembly is supported above the driveway and a collapsed position in which the base engages the driveway, the method comprising: positioning the moving means from the active position to a position between the active and collapsed positions after the locking arm is in the extended position so that the locking arm engages the wheel.
 17. A method for restraining a vehicle from movement during the loading and unloading thereof while the vehicle is parked on a driveway adjacent a loading dock having a vertical wall portion and using a restraining device, the restraining device having a lock assembly comprising a base and a locking arm mounted to the base for positioning between a retracted position for permitting the truck to drive to the loading dock and an operative position in which the locking arm extends upwardly for engaging the truck wheels for restraining movement of the truck, and means for positioning the locking arm between the retracted and the operative positions, means for locating the lock assembly between a distal and proximal positions relative to the loading dock and an intermediate position disposed between the distal and proximal positions in which the lock assembly engages the wheel, and means for controlling the position of the lock assembly between the distal and proximal positions in a programmed manner, the method comprising: parking the vehicle in the loading dock so that the longitudinal axis of the truck is generally normal to the loading dock with the lock assembly in the distal position; moving the lock assembly to the intermediate position; positioning the locking arm from the retracted position to the operative position; and locating the locking arm so that it engages the wheel for restraining the vehicle from movement.
 18. The method as set forth in claim 17 comprising automatically locating the lock assembly at the distal position after the locking arm is positioned from the operative position to the retracted position.
 19. The method as set forth in claim 17 comprising automatically locating the lock assembly at the distal position when the lock assembly reaches the proximal position.
 20. The method as set forth in claim 17 comprising automatically deactivating the locating means when the lock assembly is immobile.
 21. The method as set forth in claim 20 comprising automatically deactivating the locating means after a pulling force on the lock assembly reaches a predetermined value.
 22. The method as set forth in claim 20 wherein the locating means comprises a motor, the method comprising: automatically deactivating the locating means after the current or the torque of the motor reaches a predetermined value.
 23. A device for restraining a vehicle from movement during the loading and unloading thereof, the vehicle having wheel means supported on a driveway adjacent a loading dock having a generally vertical wall, the device comprising: a lock assembly having a retracted position permitting the vehicle to drive to the loading dock and an operative position for engaging the wheel means on both sides of the vehicle for restraining movement of the vehicle, and a single means operatively connected to the lock assembly for locating the lock assembly between distal and proximal locations relative to the loading dock, said locating means being adapted to move said lock assembly from said distal position to an intermediate location to engage said wheel means, said lock assembly, when in the operative position and in the intermediate location, maintaining said vehicle adjacent said loading dock.
 24. A device for restraining a vehicle from movement during the loading and unloading thereof, the vehicle having wheel means supported on a driveway adjacent a loading dock having a generally vertical wall, the device comprising: at least two lock assemblies, each lock assembly having a retracted position permitting the vehicle to drive to the loading dock and an operative position for engaging the respective wheel means located on either side of the vehicle for restraining movement of the vehicle, and a single means operatively connected to the lock assemblies for locating the lock assemblies between distal and proximal locations relative to the loading dock, said locating means being adapted to move said lock assemblies from said distal position to an intermediate location to engage said wheel means, said lock assemblies, when in the operative position and in the intermediate location, maintaining said vehicle adjacent said loading dock. 